Under sponsorship by the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) office, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) developed a modular nanosatellite approach where hardware and software "black-box" elements can be combined very quickly to form simple spacecraft. They are fully compliant with the Stanford/CalPoly CubeSat and Poly-Picosatellite Orbital Dispenser (PPOD) standards, but extend these standards by permitting interchangeability of components. As such, distributed groups can create individual component parts that can be brought together and quickly assembled using plug-and-play (PnP) mechanisms, similar to those in personal computers. The basis of the electrical and software infrastructure is the AFRL Space PnP Avionics (SPA) technology, scaled for nanosatellite purposes. As such, the combination of the CubeSat format, plug-and-play components, and workflow-oriented tools is termed "CubeFlow". While some technical challenges remain in fully maturing the CubeFlow concept, it is expected that most elements of a CubeFlow system can be available for general use within two years.